New York Eviction Process: Notice Periods, Timeline & Tenant Defenses (2026)

How eviction works step by step, and what defenses you have at each stage

At a glance

Who this covers — and who it does not

This page covers the eviction process in New York for a residential tenancy — the notices a landlord must serve, the timeline, and what you can do at each stage.

It does not cover commercial leases, or mobile home parks where a separate statute applies. Where a city has its own rules, those may differ from the state statute below.

What the statute actually says

RPAPL § 711:租客不得被逐出占有,除非经 special proceeding 诉讼程序,且须有法定事由。

§ 711(2) 规定租客定义:rooming house 住客或 hotel 住客连续占有满 30 天或以上者为 tenant;squatter 不是 tenant。房东起诉前须依 § 735 送达通知。

RPAPL § 711 ↗

Notice periods by grounds

14days

Applies when: 欠租。以书面 demand 要求「支付欠租 或 交还房屋」(二者择一),须至少提前 14 天,并附RPL § 231-c 的 good cause 声明。

Counted from: 房东发出书面索款或要求交房之后

Service: § 735:亲自交付本人;或交付并亲留给住所/雇佣于该物业的适龄且有 discretion 之人(须先取得进入许可);或仅在上述失败时贴于物业显眼处或塞于入口门下。且在 (b)(c) 情形下须于 1 日内同时以 registered 或 certified mail 及 first class mail 寄出副本。文书及送达证明须于 3 日内向法院立案。

· § 735 完全未提及 newspaper publication —— 送达方式中没有登报。

· 14 天通知须附 RPL § 231-c 的三项声明:(i) 该单元是否适用 Article 6-A good cause eviction law,若豁免须说明理由;(ii) 若不续租,合法依据;(iii) 若涨租超过 local rent standard,须给出理由。

· 该项声明为 2024 年 laws ch.56 part HH § 7 加入。

RPAPL § 711(2); RPL § 231-c ↗
10days

Applies when: 不存在 landlord-tenant 关系的占有(如经武力或非法方式进入、止赎后占有、license 届满后占有)。

Counted from: 提起 proceeding 之前

Service: § 735 规定的三种方式。

· 共 11 项事由。第 10 项(以武力或非法方式进入)与第 11 项(因雇佣关系占有且雇佣终止)明文豁免 notice to quit。

· 该条不适用于常规住宅驱逐 —— 不存在租赁关系 ≠ 房东-租客关系。

RPAPL § 713 ↗
no fixed period

Applies when: 无过错驱逐(受Article 6-A 覆盖的单元):房东须取得法院命令并确立 § 216(1)(a)-(j) 之一为 good cause。

Counted from: Article 6-A 覆盖期间内,无固定期限 tenancy 也受保护

Service: 见下方 timeline 中 §216(1)(j) 的 30–90 天续约通知要求。

· Article 6-A 的覆盖不依赖居住时长:NYC 境内全部住宅由 §212 覆盖,市外须依 §213 由地方政府自愿 opt-in。

· §214 列出 15 项豁免,其中最常被引用的是 small landlord(全州合计持有不超过 10 套)、owner-occupied 且不超过 10 套、以及月租超过 HUD FMR 245% 的单元。

· §216(1)(j):租客不同意续约时的合理变更(含合理涨租),须提前「at least thirty days, but no more than ninety days」书面通知。

· §216(1)(b):违约须在收到书面通知后 10 天内改正(10-day cure)。

RPL §§ 215, 216(1), 212, 213, 214 ↗

How the process runs, step by step

  1. 房东提交petition 并送达 (from 通知期满). § 731 规定启动程序与 notice of petition;§ 741 规定诉状内容,其中 §741(5a)、(5b) 要求附 RPL §231-c 通知。
  2. 租客答辩 (from petition 送达). § 743 规定答辩。§ 732 规定欠租之诉的特别条款。§ 733 规定送达时间与 show cause 命令。
  3. 审理与判决 (from 答辩期届满). § 745 审理;§ 746 合意;§ 747 判决。
  4. warrant 执行前须向租客送达至少 14 天书面通知 (from 占有判决作出). § 749 规定 warrant;marshal/sheriff 执行前须向租客送达至少 14 天书面通知。§ 749-A 规定 NYC marshals。
  5. 租客可申请 stay 保住 tenancy (from 判决后、执行前). § 751 规定缴纳租金或提供保证后可stay;§ 753 规定住宅违约驱逐的 30 天 cure stay(家庭暴力受害者身份驱逐被§744 禁止);§ 755 规定房东未修缮时的 stay。

Can the landlord use self-help?

RPAPL § 768 明确禁止自力驱逐:使用武力、断服务、搬走租客物品、拆门、堵塞门锁或换锁而不给钥匙,均属违法。

§768(1)(a) 适用于已合法占有满 30 天或已签订租约的住客。违反者:故意违反者为 class A misdemeanor,每次违反单独定罪(§768(2)(a));民事罚金每次违反 $1,000–$10,000,未安排回住者另加每日最高 $100(自请求回住之日起算,上限 6 个月)(§768(2)(b))。房东有义务在请求后安排租客回住(§768(1)(b))。

RPAPL § 768 ↗

Common landlord claims and how to answer them

“「你欠租了,我给你 14 天。」”

核对三件事:通知是否采用「支付欠租 或 交还房屋」二者择一的表述;是否依 §735 的方式送达(亲自交付/留给他人/贴门,且后两者须于 1 日内同时以 registered 或 certified mail 及 first class mail 寄出);是否附有 RPL §231-c 的三项 good cause 声明。任一环节缺失,通知可能无效。

RPAPL § 711(2); § 735; RPL § 231-c

“「我把你东西搬走了,房子我收回去了。」”

§768 明确禁止搬走租客物品、拆门、堵塞门锁或换锁而不给钥匙,并规定房东有义务在请求后安排回住。故意违反是 class A misdemeanor,每次违反单独定罪,民事罚金每次 $1,000–$10,000。

RPAPL § 768

“「你的租约没到期但我不想续了,直接下个月搬走。」”

若单元受 Article 6-A 覆盖,房东必须先取得法院命令并确立 good cause;且 §216(1)(j) 要求续约变更(含合理涨租)须提前 30–90 天书面通知。不续租的合法依据须在 §231-c 声明中写明。违反 Article 6-A 的后果是终止通知无效,房东还须承担实际损害与律师费。

RPL §§ 215, 216, 231-c

Remedies for an illegal eviction

RPAPL § 768:民事罚金每次违反 $1,000–$10,000,未安排回住者另加每日最高 $100(上限 6 个月);故意违反为 class A misdemeanor。

⚠️ 注意区分:§768 提供的是罚金 + 回住,**不是**损害赔偿倍数。treble damages 在 §853(forcible or unlawful entry or detainer)。另 §216(1)(d) 规定:因违法驱逐且健康安全必需时,租客有权于危险状况消除后 resume possession。

RPAPL § 768(1)(b), (2); RPL § 216(1)(d) ↗

Sources and how to verify them

Every figure on this page comes from the official text or a state court opinion, not from a summary. The table below lists each provision used and the date it was last checked.

StatuteLast verifiedSource
RPAPL § 711 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL § 711(2); RPL § 231-c 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL § 713 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPL §§ 215, 216(1), 212, 213, 214 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL §§ 731, 741 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL §§ 743, 732, 733 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL §§ 745, 746, 747 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL §§ 749, 749-A 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL §§ 751, 753, 755, 744 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL § 768 2026-10-09 official text ↗
RPAPL § 768(1)(b), (2); RPL § 216(1)(d) 2026-10-09 official text ↗

Where the official text and a secondary summary disagree, this page follows the official text and says so. Where a provision admits of more than one reading, that is flagged rather than smoothed over.

When you need a lawyer instead of a tool

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More New York guides

New York Security Deposit Return · New York Security Deposit Rules · New York Rent Increase Rules · New York Repairs & Habitability · New York Landlord Retaliation

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Common questions

How many days' notice must a New York landlord give before eviction?

10 or 14 days depending on the grounds, counted from service of the notice. RPAPL § 711

Can a New York landlord change the locks without going to court?

RPAPL § 768 明确禁止自力驱逐:使用武力、断服务、搬走租客物品、拆门、堵塞门锁或换锁而不给钥匙,均属违法。

What can I do if the notice was served incorrectly in New York?

The timeline starts only on valid service. § 735:亲自交付本人;或交付并亲留给住所/雇佣于该物业的适龄且有 discretion 之人(须先取得进入许可);或仅在上述失败时贴于物业显眼处或塞于入口门下。且在 (b)(c) 情形下须于 1 日内同时以 registered 或 certified mail 及 first class mail 寄出副本。文书及送达证明须于 3 日内向法院立案。